Resource Guide
- Understanding Opioid Prescribing
- Treating Pain with Opioids
- Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs
- Education, Support, and Communication for Patients who use Opioids
- Tapering Opioid Use
- Tools for Assessing Opioid Withdrawal
- Management and Disposal of Prescribed Opioids
Acronyms
MAT: Medication-assisted treatment
OUD: Opioid use disorder
SUD: Substance use disorder
Government Entities
CDC: Centers for Disease Control
CMS: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
NCCIH: National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health
NIDA: National Institute on Drug Abuse
NIH: National Institutes of Health
SAMHSA: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
VA/DoD: Veterans Administration/Department of Defense
WA-DOH: Washington State Department of Health
WA-AMDG: Washington State Agency Medical Directors’ Group
Professional Organizations/Programs
AAPM: American Academy of Pain Medicine
ASAM: American Society of Addiction Medicine
ASPMN: American Society for Pain Management Nursing
IASP: International Association for the Study of Pain
IntNSA: International Nurses Society on Addictions
PCSS: Providers Clinical Support System
WA-AMDG: Washington State Agency Medical Directors’ Group
Tools for Assessing and Monitoring Pain
- Pain, Enjoyment, General Activity (PEG) Scale: For assessing/monitoring chronic pain in primary care settings
- McCaffrey Initial Pain Assessment Tool: For an initial assessment of pain
- Pain Assessment and Documentation Tool: For ongoing evaluation of pain and documentation of pain management
Treating Pain Without Opioids
- CDC – Non-Opioid Treatments for Chronic Pain: Principles of Chronic Pain Treatment [Provider Resource]
- NCCIH – Mind and Body Approaches for Chronic Pain [Provider Resource]
- NCCIH – Pain: Considering Complementary Approaches [Patient Resource]
- NCCIH – 6 Things You Should Know: The Science of Chronic Pain and Complementary Health Practices [Patient Resource]
- CDC – Safely and Effectively Managing Pain without Opioids [Patient Resource]
- NIH – Managing Pain: Moving Beyond Opioids [Patient Resource]
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Opioid Prescribing
Understanding Opioid Prescribing
- National Council of State Boards of Nursing – Opioid Toolkit
- CDC – Opioid Prescribing Clinical Tools
- CDC – Calculating total daily dose of opioids for safer dosage
- VA – Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain [Provider Resource]
- American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians – Responsible, Safe, and Effective Prescription of Opioids for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain [Provider Resource]
- American Society for Pain Management Nursing – Position Statements for Pain and Opioid Use in Nursing Practice
Treating Pain with Opioids
- CDC – Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain [Provider Resource]
Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs
Education, Support, and Communication for Patients who use Opioids
- CDC – Communicating with Patients [Online Training]
Tapering Opioid Use
- CDC – Tapering Opioids for Chronic Pain [Provider Resource]
- HHS – Guide for Clinicians on the Appropriate Dosage Reduction or Discontinuation of Long-Term Opioid Analgesics [Provider Resource]
- VA – Opioid Taper Decision Tool [Provider Resource]
- PCSS – Navigating the Challenges in an Era of Opioid Deprescribing: Behavioral Strategies for Patient Engagement and Success
- National Academy of Medicine – Best Practices, Research Gaps, and Future Priorities to Support Tapering Patients on Long-Term Opioid Therapy for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain in Outpatient Settings
Tools for Assessing Opioid Withdrawal
- Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale: For clinician’s rating of opiate withdrawal symptoms and tracking them over time
- Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scale: For patient self-report of opiate withdrawal symptoms
Management and Disposal of Prescribed Opioids
- Washington State Safe Medication Return Program:
- Washington Poison Center Take Back your Meds Program:
- Drug Enforcement Agency:
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Washington State-Specific Resources
- StopOverdose.org
- Bree Collaborative. “Provides a mechanism through which public and private health care stakeholders can work together to improve quality, health outcomes, and cost effectiveness of care in WA state.”
- WA-DOH – Washington’s PDMP, Prescription Review
- WA-DOH – Opioids in Washington State
- WA-DOH – Profession-specific toolkits for opioid prescribing, including mandatory continuing education requirements. The toolkits contain handouts for patients as well as various types of providers (including nurses, dentists, and pharmacists)
AMDG Interagency Guidelines
- Interagency Guidelines for Opioid Prescribing
- Prescribing Opioids for Postoperative Pain: Supplemental Guidance [Provider Resource]
- Opioid Dose Calculator
- Opioid Taper Calculator
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Opioid Use Disorder
Understanding and Identifying Opioid Use Disorder
- American Psychiatric Association – Opioid Use Disorder Diagnostic Criteria. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition
- NIDA – Aberrant Drug Taking Behaviors Information Sheet
- NIH – Opioid Use and Addiction
- PCSS – Substance Use Disorder Core Curriculum
- PCSS – Substance Use Disorder for the Healthcare Team [Resource for providers and staff]
Tools to Screen for Risk of Opioid Addiction and Substance Use
- NIDA Quick Screen: For identifying risky substance use in patients
- Opioid Risk Tool (ORT-OUD): For assessing risk of opioid misuse/opioid use disorder among patients prescribed opioids for treatment of chronic pain
- Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10): For assessing drug use in the past 12 months
- Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT): For assessing alcohol consumption, drinking behaviors, and alcohol-related problems
- Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM): For assessing whether a chronic pain patient on long-term opioid therapy is exhibiting behaviors associated with misuse of opioids
- CAGE Adapted to Include Drugs (CAGE-AID): For conjointly screening for drug and alcohol use problems
- Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS): For assessing psychological dependence on drugs that have the potential for abuse
- Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain – revised (SOAPP-R): For helping clinicians determine how much monitoring a patient on long-term opioid therapy might require
- Diagnosis, Intractability, Risk, Efficacy (DIRE): For helping predict efficacy and patient compliance with long-term opioid therapy
Using Non-Stigmatizing Language About Addiction
- Health in Justice Action Lab: Changing the Narrative Initiative – Words Matter
- Recovery Research Institute – Addictionary
- PCSS – Changing the Language of Addiction [Provider Resource]
Treating Opioid Use Disorder
- ASAM – National Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder
- NIH – Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: Facts for Family and Friend [Patient Resource]
- NIH – Opioid Misuse and Addiction Treatment / Tratamiento para el uso indebido y la adicción de opioides
PCSS
- Overview of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder
- Buprenorphine and Naltrexone Induction [Online Training]
- Clinically Relevant Drug Interactions: Buprenorphine or Methadone with Other Frequently Prescribed Drug [Reference]
- Behavioral Interventions for MAT: Improving Outcomes [Online Training]
- Frequently Asked Questions (and Answers!): Treating Opioid Use Disorder via Telehealth [Provider Resource]
SAMHSA
Opioid Overdose
Understanding Opioid Overdose
- CDC – Homepage on Drug Overdose
- CDC – Interactive Training Series for Healthcare Providers [Online Training]
- WA-DOH – Overdose Education [Patient Resource]
Preventing Opioid Overdose
- SAMHSA – Opioid Overdose Prevention Toolkit
- WA-DOH – Statewide Standing Order to Dispense Naloxone
- WA-DOH – How to use Naloxone and respond to an overdose [Patient Resource]
- MedlinePlus – Giving Naloxone Spray for Opioid Overdose [Patient Resource, available in Arabic, Mandarin, Cantonese, French, Hindi, Japanese, Korean, Nepali, Russian, Somali, Spanish, and Vietnamese]
- NIH – How Naloxone Saves Lives in Opioid Overdose / Cómo la Naloxona Salva Vidas por Sobredosis de Opioids [Patient Resource]
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Individuals with Special Healthcare Needs
Pregnancy
- CDC – About Opioid Use in Pregnancy
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists – Opioid Use and Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy [Provider Resource]
- SAMHSA – Resources on Pregnancy and Opioid Use Disorder:
- Clinical Guidance for Treating Pregnant and Parenting Women with Opioid Use Disorder and Their Infants [Provider Resource]
- Medications to Treat Opioid Use (Disorder) During Pregnancy – An info sheet for providers [Provider Resource]
- A Collaborative Approach to the Treatment of Pregnant Women with Opioid Use Disorders
- Healthy Pregnancy Healthy Baby [Patient Resource]
- PCSS – Resources on Pregnancy and Opioid Use:
- Pregnancy: Methadone and Buprenorphine [Patient Resource]
- Childbirth, Breastfeeding, and Infant Care: Methadone and Buprenorphine [Patient Resource]
Screening Tools for Drug Use in Pregnant Populations
- Integrated 5Ps Prenatal Substance Abuse Screening Tool: For determining whether alcohol or substance use is a problem, specifically for prenatal patients
- Substance Use Risk Profile- Pregnancy Scale Form: For screening prenatal patients for hazardous substance use
Mental Health
- National Council for Behavioral Health – Making the Case for High-functioning Team-based Care in Community Behavioral Health Care Settings [Provider Resource]
- SAMHSA – Center of Excellence for Integrated Health Solutions
- SAMHSA – Behavioral Health Treatment Services Locator
- PCSS – Psychiatric Comorbidities: Diagnosis and Treatment of Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders and Opioid Use Disorders [Online Training]
Mental Health Assessment Tools
- Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): For screening for depressive symptoms and/or for monitoring depression severity and response to treatment in the past two weeks
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) Questionnaire: For measuring severity of anxiety
- Primary Care – Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Screen for DSM-V (PC-PTSD): For identifying individuals with PTSD in primary care settings
- Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ): For identifying patients at high risk of suicide
- Suicide Care Training Options (PDF)
Interprofessional Opioid Curriculum is licensed to Washington State University under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. Please refer to the Creative Commons license link for terms of use.